Research Advancement in Genetic Variation of Wood Properties

The genetic improvement of wood properties is one of the important measures of improving wood quality. To achieve that, forestry and wood scientists have done a great deal of research in expectation to produce more high-quality wood. The paper summarizes the researches on genetic variation and genetic correlation of wood properties and proposes the prospects to conduct the genetic improvement of wood properties.     

北京八达岭人工油松林地表枯死可燃物负荷量研究

地表枯死可燃物负荷量多少是森林火灾发生的基础。调查八达岭林场不同地形条件下油松林地表枯死可燃物和林分因子,取得42块样地资料;用线性相关分析法对各因子与地表枯死可燃物负荷量进行分析,平均树高、坡度和海拔与对应负荷量有显著线性关系;应用多元线性回归中的逐步回归剔除法,建立了估测模型,除平均胸径外,平均树高、密度、郁闭度、海拔、坡度被引入,经检验回归显著,该估测模型可用于其它油松林地表可燃物负荷量估测。     

土壤养分与树木生长相关分析的程序处理

在进行树木的生长与土壤养分的相关分析过程中，采用QBASIC语言编写程序来进行处理，减轻了繁重的计算，操作方便灵活，提高了工作效率。     

白桦胸径和材积生长率相关关系的研究

根据地位指数的大小将白桦林分划分为好、中、差３个类型，通过没类型样地上的解析木资料分析，证明白桦的胸径和材积生长率存在关良好的相关关系。经过优选，建立了不同类型白桦林分的胸径与材积生长率相关模型，并依此编制出白桦一元材积生长率表，为准确预测白桦积生长率提供了理论上的依据。     

广西不同植被类型地表径流的研究

1982—1989年,采用定位对比对不同植被类型的地表径流量及动态进行了观测研究。结果表明:1.不同植被类型的地表径流差异很大,草坡>针叶林>阔叶林或针阔混交林;区内各植被类型的径流系数较小,平均为0.78％,但各类型间差异很大,可达57倍强。2.地表径流的季节动态,主要受降水的季节分配规律制约;而不同植被类型的地表径流量主要受植被的树冠群体或植物群体、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的综合效能所决定。这种综合效能呈现阔叶混交林或针阔混交林大于针叶林、针叶林大于草坡地的规律。文中还建立了不同植被类型地表径流深与林外降雨量的回归模型。     

杉木无性系早-晚龄生长性状的相关性及早期选择的研究

对10年生和7年生的两块杉木无性系试验林历年生长资料进行分析研究，得出结果；从第2年起无性系高，么董长量的F值、方差分量、重复力明显增大，并开始趋于稳定，无性系重复力较高，介于0．65－0．90之间居多。从3－4年生起，各年龄树高、胸径与近期对应性状的相关系数，以及与近期材积的相关系数增大，至趋于稳定。3－4年生后各年龄树高、胸径相关信息量亦表出与相关系数同样的趋势。遗传相关系数大于秩次，表型、环境相关系数，表明年龄间生和匠相关主要受遗传控制，无性系早期选择是有效的。早期选择最佳年龄、随主伐年龄的不同而有所差异，但介于3－4a之间，选择效率D早－V晚高于H早－V晚，前者出现最大选择效率的年龄早于或等于后者，所以选择指标倾向胸径。     

长春市广场树木生长状况与园林植物多样性相关关系的研究

对长春市广场树木生长状况和园林植物多样性之间的关系研究表明:广场树木生长状况的数量化值与用Shannon-Wiener指数表示的园林植物多样性之间有良好的相关关系,相关方程为:G=1.972 2 2.667 86Ht-0.644 7Ht2,相关系数R=0.908 57,估计可靠性P=99.9%。     

钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响

为了研究钾素水平对油茶果实性状和产量的影响及它们之间的关系,设置了6个不同钾肥用量处理,以8年生的长林53号和长林27号两个油茶无性系为试材在江西永丰开展了施肥试验,连续两年测定了油茶果径、单果质量、干出籽率、干出仁率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率、单株结果数、单株果实产量和产油量等指标,比较和分析了不同无性系的不同处理之间的差异。结果表明,两个无性系的果实性状和产量对钾肥水平差异的响应均存在大小年差异;结实大年时,钾肥水平对两个无性系果实的果径、单果质量和干出仁率影响不大,对其他性状的影响均达到显著水平;结实小年时,钾肥水平仅对53号无性系单株结实数量和产量造成影响且无明显梯度规律,而27号无性系随着钾肥水平的提高,其干出籽率和鲜果含油率呈先上升后下降趋势,单株果实数量、产量和产油量则呈下降趋势;无论大年还是小年,单株产量均与结实数量关系最密切,大年的产量在油茶生产中占据主导地位,就大小年平均产量而言,两品系均以中等钾肥水平的K2和K3处理最优。适量增施钾肥可有效改善油茶结实大年果实性状,提高单株结实数量,实现增产增效。     

Predicting field performance using seedling quality assessment

Seedling quality is defined as fitness for purpose. Attributes for assessing seedling quality are grouped in material attributes that can be rapidly assessed by any number of direct or indirect methods, and performance attributes that are assessed by subjecting whole seedlings to certain environmental regimes and evaluating their growth response. Material attributes comprising morphology, bud dormancy, water relations and nutrition and performance attributes comprising frost hardiness, vigour and root growth potential are discussed with regard to relevance for predicting field performance. Measurement techniques and relevance in assessing seedling quality are presented for different physiological attributes: electrolyte leakage, enzymatic activity, water potential, water conductance, mineral nutrition, food reserves, mitotic index, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, plant growth regulators, stress-induced volatile emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods with future potential in improving the prediction of field performance are identified and discussed. The methods presented in this respect are chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision systems, integrated approaches and ecophysiological evaluations.     

Age trends in the genetic parameters of wood density and the relationship with growth rates in hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) F1

Age trends in variance components and heritability of overall wood density, earlywood and latewood density, and latewood proportion were investigated in 29-year-old trees of 19 full-sib families of hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × Larix kaempferi) F₁. The age–age correlation and optimum selection age for these traits were also estimated and genetic and phenotypic correlations between wood density and radial growth rate were calculated for each growth ring. Intraring wood density data were obtained using X-ray densitometry. The coefficient of additive genetic variance was stable over all ages, whereas the coefficient of environmental variances gradually decreased with increasing age, resulting in increases in heritability estimates with age for overall density. The latewood proportion had the highest heritability estimates at all ages, ranging from 0.44 to 0.66. Overall density and its various components at 28 years of age showed strong genetic correlations with their respective traits at all younger ages. Optimum selection ages for the wood density traits ranged from 8 to 14 years, at which point maximum gain efficiencies per year were obtained. There were negative correlations between wood density and radial growth rate at early ages, although these relationships tended to be weaker with increasing age. These results suggest that selection at a young age is effective for wood density, but particular care must be taken in selecting trees with an improved radial growth rate because rapid growth will result in a low-density wood product, especially in the early growth period.